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        MultiQC: Summarize analysis results for multiple tools and samples in a single report
        Philip Ewels, Måns Magnusson, Sverker Lundin and Max Käller
        Bioinformatics (2016)
        doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw354
        PMID: 27312411
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        About MultiQC

        This report was generated using MultiQC, version 1.33

        MultiQC is published in Bioinformatics:

        MultiQC: Summarize analysis results for multiple tools and samples in a single report
        Philip Ewels, Måns Magnusson, Sverker Lundin and Max Käller
        Bioinformatics (2016)
        doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw354
        PMID: 27312411

        MultiQC is developed by Seqera.

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        PTox-Production-phase2-HepG2-include-dups

        A modular tool to aggregate results from bioinformatics analyses across many samples into a single report.

        This report has been generated by the nf-core/rnaseq analysis pipeline. For information about how to interpret these results, please see the documentation.
        Report generated on 2026-04-01, 08:41 UTC based on data in: /users/project/precisiontox_008279_no_backup/production_phase2_data_dec2025/analyse_duplicated_data/rnaseq_run-HepG2/work/5d/56064d0f42c2716a0d3dccdcfb9f5b

        General Statistics

        Showing 48/48 rows and 10/19 columns.
        Sample NamedupIntDuplication5'-3' biasM AlignedExonicIntronicIntergenicOverlapping ExonError rateNon-primaryReads mapped% Mapped% Proper pairs% MapQ 0 readsTotal seqsMean insertReadsReads mapped% Reads mapped
        GAG000ZA1
        1.6
        86.4%
        1.66
        4.2M
        1.9M
        1.1M
        0.6M
        0.3M
        0.67%
        1.2M
        4.2M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.1%
        4.2M
        0.0bp
        5.4M
        5.4M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZA2
        1.2
        83.9%
        1.33
        7.0M
        3.0M
        2.0M
        0.8M
        0.5M
        0.62%
        2.1M
        7.0M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.0%
        7.0M
        0.0bp
        9.1M
        9.1M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZA3
        1.5
        86.1%
        1.21
        6.7M
        2.9M
        2.1M
        0.6M
        0.5M
        0.55%
        2.2M
        6.7M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.4%
        6.7M
        0.0bp
        8.9M
        8.9M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZA4
        1.3
        84.7%
        1.59
        4.6M
        1.9M
        1.3M
        0.5M
        0.3M
        0.70%
        1.8M
        4.6M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.5%
        4.6M
        0.0bp
        6.4M
        6.4M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZA5
        1.0
        80.2%
        1.11
        5.3M
        2.3M
        1.5M
        0.6M
        0.4M
        0.65%
        1.7M
        5.3M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.2%
        5.3M
        0.0bp
        7.0M
        7.0M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZA6
        1.2
        82.9%
        1.07
        6.5M
        2.9M
        1.9M
        0.7M
        0.5M
        0.59%
        1.8M
        6.5M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        1.9%
        6.5M
        0.0bp
        8.3M
        8.3M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZA7
        1.1
        81.6%
        1.53
        5.5M
        2.4M
        1.6M
        0.6M
        0.4M
        0.59%
        2.4M
        5.5M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        3.4%
        5.5M
        0.0bp
        7.9M
        7.9M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZA8
        1.3
        85.1%
        1.20
        5.5M
        2.4M
        1.5M
        0.8M
        0.4M
        0.68%
        1.8M
        5.5M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.3%
        5.5M
        0.0bp
        7.3M
        7.3M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZB1
        1.6
        87.6%
        1.51
        5.5M
        2.4M
        1.6M
        0.6M
        0.4M
        0.61%
        1.6M
        5.5M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.1%
        5.5M
        0.0bp
        7.1M
        7.1M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZB2
        1.4
        85.0%
        1.67
        4.9M
        2.2M
        1.5M
        0.5M
        0.4M
        0.58%
        1.3M
        4.9M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        1.9%
        4.9M
        0.0bp
        6.2M
        6.2M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZB3
        1.1
        81.4%
        1.17
        4.6M
        2.0M
        1.4M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.58%
        1.5M
        4.6M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.3%
        4.6M
        0.0bp
        6.1M
        6.1M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZB4
        1.5
        86.1%
        1.07
        7.5M
        3.2M
        2.4M
        0.7M
        0.5M
        0.55%
        2.4M
        7.5M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.1%
        7.5M
        0.0bp
        9.9M
        9.9M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZB5
        0.6
        76.2%
        0.68
        10.6M
        4.7M
        3.3M
        0.9M
        0.8M
        0.52%
        3.1M
        10.6M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.0%
        10.6M
        0.0bp
        13.7M
        13.7M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZB6
        1.5
        86.8%
        1.50
        6.4M
        2.8M
        1.9M
        0.6M
        0.5M
        0.61%
        2.1M
        6.4M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.1%
        6.4M
        0.0bp
        8.4M
        8.4M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZB7
        1.5
        87.5%
        1.36
        7.0M
        3.1M
        2.1M
        0.7M
        0.5M
        0.57%
        2.2M
        7.0M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.2%
        7.0M
        0.0bp
        9.2M
        9.2M
        100.0%
        GAG000ZB8
        1.4
        85.8%
        0.80
        7.7M
        3.2M
        2.4M
        0.8M
        0.5M
        0.56%
        2.4M
        7.7M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.2%
        7.7M
        0.0bp
        10.1M
        10.1M
        100.0%
        GAG007LA1
        1.3
        85.5%
        2.56
        5.1M
        2.2M
        1.4M
        0.7M
        0.4M
        0.69%
        1.6M
        5.1M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.1%
        5.1M
        0.0bp
        6.7M
        6.7M
        100.0%
        GAG007LA2
        1.3
        84.5%
        1.37
        6.2M
        2.7M
        1.8M
        0.7M
        0.4M
        0.63%
        1.9M
        6.2M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.2%
        6.2M
        0.0bp
        8.1M
        8.1M
        100.0%
        GAG007LA3
        1.7
        85.1%
        84.14
        1.9M
        0.8M
        0.5M
        0.2M
        0.1M
        0.56%
        1.5M
        1.9M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        6.4%
        1.9M
        0.0bp
        3.5M
        3.5M
        100.0%
        GAG007LA4
        1.6
        87.7%
        1.37
        6.1M
        2.6M
        2.1M
        0.6M
        0.4M
        0.55%
        1.8M
        6.1M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.2%
        6.1M
        0.0bp
        7.9M
        7.9M
        100.0%
        GAG007LB1
        1.3
        84.8%
        1.10
        6.2M
        2.8M
        1.9M
        0.6M
        0.4M
        0.57%
        1.8M
        6.2M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.0%
        6.2M
        0.0bp
        8.0M
        8.0M
        100.0%
        GAG007LB2
        1.6
        86.1%
        2.90
        4.0M
        1.6M
        1.2M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.61%
        1.6M
        4.0M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        3.2%
        4.0M
        0.0bp
        5.6M
        5.6M
        100.0%
        GAG007LB3
        1.4
        86.0%
        1.12
        6.8M
        3.1M
        2.0M
        0.7M
        0.5M
        0.56%
        1.9M
        6.8M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.0%
        6.8M
        0.0bp
        8.7M
        8.7M
        100.0%
        GAG007LB4
        1.9
        89.7%
        2.30
        7.1M
        3.1M
        2.2M
        0.7M
        0.5M
        0.56%
        2.2M
        7.1M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.0%
        7.1M
        0.0bp
        9.3M
        9.3M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZA1
        0.9
        77.4%
        1.65
        3.0M
        1.3M
        0.9M
        0.4M
        0.2M
        0.66%
        1.0M
        3.0M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.3%
        3.0M
        0.0bp
        4.1M
        4.1M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZA2
        0.8
        77.2%
        1.02
        6.4M
        2.8M
        1.9M
        0.7M
        0.5M
        0.56%
        2.1M
        6.4M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.2%
        6.4M
        0.0bp
        8.5M
        8.5M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZA3
        0.7
        74.6%
        1.29
        5.3M
        2.3M
        1.6M
        0.5M
        0.4M
        0.57%
        1.8M
        5.3M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.3%
        5.3M
        0.0bp
        7.0M
        7.0M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZA4
        0.7
        73.8%
        1.48
        3.8M
        1.6M
        1.1M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.65%
        1.4M
        3.8M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.3%
        3.8M
        0.0bp
        5.2M
        5.2M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZA5
        0.4
        66.0%
        0.96
        3.9M
        1.7M
        1.2M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.57%
        1.2M
        3.9M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.2%
        3.9M
        0.0bp
        5.1M
        5.1M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZA6
        0.8
        77.4%
        0.93
        6.4M
        2.8M
        1.9M
        0.7M
        0.5M
        0.58%
        1.9M
        6.4M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.0%
        6.4M
        0.0bp
        8.2M
        8.2M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZA7
        0.8
        73.9%
        1.51
        3.3M
        1.3M
        1.0M
        0.3M
        0.2M
        0.62%
        1.5M
        3.3M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        3.3%
        3.3M
        0.0bp
        4.8M
        4.8M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZA8
        0.6
        74.2%
        0.99
        5.8M
        2.5M
        1.8M
        0.6M
        0.4M
        0.58%
        2.1M
        5.8M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.5%
        5.8M
        0.0bp
        7.9M
        7.9M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZB1
        0.6
        71.3%
        1.21
        3.5M
        1.6M
        1.0M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.59%
        1.1M
        3.5M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.3%
        3.5M
        0.0bp
        4.6M
        4.6M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZB2
        0.8
        76.4%
        1.41
        4.8M
        2.2M
        1.4M
        0.5M
        0.3M
        0.57%
        1.4M
        4.8M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.0%
        4.8M
        0.0bp
        6.2M
        6.2M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZB3
        0.4
        66.7%
        1.38
        3.7M
        1.5M
        1.1M
        0.4M
        0.2M
        0.58%
        1.7M
        3.7M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        3.1%
        3.7M
        0.0bp
        5.4M
        5.4M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZB4
        0.8
        75.8%
        1.02
        4.7M
        2.0M
        1.5M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.54%
        1.5M
        4.7M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.1%
        4.7M
        0.0bp
        6.2M
        6.2M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZB5
        0.6
        71.1%
        0.80
        6.0M
        2.5M
        1.9M
        0.5M
        0.4M
        0.52%
        2.0M
        6.0M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.4%
        6.0M
        0.0bp
        8.0M
        8.0M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZB6
        0.5
        70.1%
        1.04
        4.7M
        2.0M
        1.5M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.56%
        1.6M
        4.7M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.3%
        4.7M
        0.0bp
        6.3M
        6.3M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZB7
        1.1
        79.7%
        1.60
        3.7M
        1.6M
        1.1M
        0.4M
        0.2M
        0.56%
        1.4M
        3.7M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.6%
        3.7M
        0.0bp
        5.1M
        5.1M
        100.0%
        GAH000ZB8
        0.7
        73.7%
        0.81
        4.6M
        2.1M
        1.4M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.54%
        1.3M
        4.6M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.0%
        4.6M
        0.0bp
        6.0M
        6.0M
        100.0%
        GAH078LA1
        0.6
        73.0%
        0.93
        5.0M
        2.0M
        1.6M
        0.5M
        0.3M
        0.56%
        1.7M
        5.0M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.2%
        5.0M
        0.0bp
        6.8M
        6.8M
        100.0%
        GAH078LA2
        0.7
        72.6%
        1.16
        3.0M
        1.3M
        0.9M
        0.3M
        0.2M
        0.61%
        1.0M
        3.0M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.3%
        3.0M
        0.0bp
        3.9M
        3.9M
        100.0%
        GAH078LA3
        0.4
        66.1%
        0.99
        3.1M
        1.3M
        0.9M
        0.3M
        0.2M
        0.60%
        1.4M
        3.1M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        3.1%
        3.1M
        0.0bp
        4.4M
        4.4M
        100.0%
        GAH078LA4
        0.5
        69.5%
        1.14
        3.5M
        1.4M
        1.1M
        0.4M
        0.2M
        0.60%
        1.2M
        3.5M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.3%
        3.5M
        0.0bp
        4.7M
        4.7M
        100.0%
        GAH078LB1
        0.6
        70.6%
        1.66
        4.0M
        1.7M
        1.3M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.60%
        1.4M
        4.0M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.4%
        4.0M
        0.0bp
        5.4M
        5.4M
        100.0%
        GAH078LB2
        0.7
        73.9%
        0.92
        4.0M
        1.6M
        1.3M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.60%
        1.5M
        4.0M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.6%
        4.0M
        0.0bp
        5.5M
        5.5M
        100.0%
        GAH078LB3
        0.6
        73.7%
        1.03
        4.1M
        1.8M
        1.2M
        0.4M
        0.3M
        0.60%
        1.3M
        4.1M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.1%
        4.1M
        0.0bp
        5.4M
        5.4M
        100.0%
        GAH078LB4
        0.6
        72.5%
        1.46
        4.8M
        1.9M
        1.5M
        0.5M
        0.3M
        0.57%
        1.9M
        4.8M
        100.0%
        0.0%
        2.7%
        4.8M
        0.0bp
        6.7M
        6.7M
        100.0%
        Expand table

        Sample status checks

        Reports on sample strandedness status, and any failures in trimming or mapping.

        Strandedness Checks

        The strandedness used for analysis in this workflow can either be provided by the user or automatically inferred by Salmon using a sample of reads. In both cases, strandedness is verified at the end of the workflow using RSeQC's infer_experiment.py on genomic alignments. In this table, a pass indicates a match between the supplied strandedness (or that inferred by Salmon) and RSeQC results. A fail indicates a mismatch or 'undetermined' strandedness. 'Undetermined' strandedness can signal QC issues, including potential genomic DNA contamination.

        Note: Rows are duplicated for an 'auto' setting to allow comparison of statistics between inference methods.

        Showing 48/48 rows and 7/7 columns.
        SampleStatusStrand inference methodProvided strandednessInferred strandednessSense (%)Antisense (%)Unstranded (%)
        GAG000ZA1
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.6
        2.3
        8.1
        GAG000ZA2
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.9
        2.3
        7.8
        GAG000ZA3
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.1
        2.7
        8.2
        GAG000ZA4
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.5
        2.7
        7.8
        GAG000ZA5
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.5
        2.4
        8.1
        GAG000ZA6
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.5
        2.4
        8.1
        GAG000ZA7
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        88.3
        3.2
        8.5
        GAG000ZA8
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.4
        2.6
        8.0
        GAG000ZB1
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.3
        2.8
        7.9
        GAG000ZB2
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.6
        2.6
        7.8
        GAG000ZB3
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.3
        2.8
        7.9
        GAG000ZB4
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.2
        2.7
        8.1
        GAG000ZB5
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        91.9
        2.5
        5.6
        GAG000ZB6
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.3
        2.7
        7.9
        GAG000ZB7
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.0
        2.9
        8.1
        GAG000ZB8
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        88.9
        2.9
        8.3
        GAG007LA1
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.8
        2.4
        7.8
        GAG007LA2
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.5
        2.5
        8.0
        GAG007LA3
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        82.7
        9.7
        7.5
        GAG007LA4
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        88.8
        3.0
        8.1
        GAG007LB1
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.2
        2.6
        8.1
        GAG007LB2
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        88.3
        3.9
        7.8
        GAG007LB3
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        88.9
        2.5
        8.5
        GAG007LB4
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.4
        2.7
        7.9
        GAH000ZA1
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.8
        2.3
        7.9
        GAH000ZA2
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        90.4
        2.5
        7.1
        GAH000ZA3
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.9
        2.6
        7.5
        GAH000ZA4
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.5
        2.4
        8.1
        GAH000ZA5
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        90.2
        2.4
        7.4
        GAH000ZA6
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        90.6
        2.5
        6.9
        GAH000ZA7
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.1
        3.0
        7.9
        GAH000ZA8
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        90.4
        2.8
        6.8
        GAH000ZB1
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.3
        2.5
        8.2
        GAH000ZB2
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.4
        2.3
        8.3
        GAH000ZB3
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.4
        2.9
        7.6
        GAH000ZB4
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        88.8
        2.8
        8.4
        GAH000ZB5
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        90.6
        2.6
        6.8
        GAH000ZB6
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.7
        2.8
        7.5
        GAH000ZB7
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.3
        2.7
        8.0
        GAH000ZB8
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.3
        2.6
        8.1
        GAH078LA1
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        90.2
        2.8
        7.0
        GAH078LA2
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.7
        2.3
        8.0
        GAH078LA3
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.4
        2.6
        8.0
        GAH078LA4
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.9
        2.4
        7.7
        GAH078LB1
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        90.1
        2.5
        7.4
        GAH078LB2
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.4
        2.7
        7.9
        GAH078LB3
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.6
        2.3
        8.1
        GAH078LB4
        fail
        RSeQC
        auto
        forward
        89.9
        2.7
        7.4
        Expand table

        DupRadar

        DupRadar provides duplication rate quality control for RNA-Seq datasets. Highly expressed genes can be expected to have a lot of duplicate reads, but high numbers of duplicates at low read counts can indicate low library complexity with technical duplication. This plot shows the general linear models - a summary of the gene duplication distributions.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/dupRadar.html

        Created with MultiQC

        Picard

        Tools for manipulating high-throughput sequencing data.http://broadinstitute.github.io/picard

        Mark Duplicates

        Number of reads, categorised by duplication state. Pair counts are doubled - see help text for details.

        The table in the Picard metrics file contains some columns referring read pairs and some referring to single reads.

        To make the numbers in this plot sum correctly, values referring to pairs are doubled according to the scheme below:

        • READS_IN_DUPLICATE_PAIRS = 2 * READ_PAIR_DUPLICATES
        • READS_IN_UNIQUE_PAIRS = 2 * (READ_PAIRS_EXAMINED - READ_PAIR_DUPLICATES)
        • READS_IN_UNIQUE_UNPAIRED = UNPAIRED_READS_EXAMINED - UNPAIRED_READ_DUPLICATES
        • READS_IN_DUPLICATE_PAIRS_OPTICAL = 2 * READ_PAIR_OPTICAL_DUPLICATES
        • READS_IN_DUPLICATE_PAIRS_NONOPTICAL = READS_IN_DUPLICATE_PAIRS - READS_IN_DUPLICATE_PAIRS_OPTICAL
        • READS_IN_DUPLICATE_UNPAIRED = UNPAIRED_READ_DUPLICATES
        • READS_UNMAPPED = UNMAPPED_READS
        Created with MultiQC

        Preseq

        Estimates library complexity, showing how many additional unique reads are sequenced for increasing total read count.http://smithlabresearch.org/software/preseqDOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2375

        A shallow curve indicates complexity saturation. The dashed line shows a perfectly complex library where total reads = unique reads.

        Complexity curve (molecule count)

        Note that the x-axis is trimmed at the point where all the datasets show 80% of their maximum y-value, to avoid ridiculous scales.

        Created with MultiQC

        QualiMap

        Quality control of alignment data and its derivatives like feature counts.http://qualimap.bioinfo.cipf.esDOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv566; 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts503

        Genomic origin of reads

        Classification of mapped reads as originating in exonic, intronic or intergenic regions. These can be displayed as either the number or percentage of mapped reads.

        There are currently three main approaches to map reads to transcripts in an RNA-seq experiment: mapping reads to a reference genome to identify expressed transcripts that are annotated (and discover those that are unknown), mapping reads to a reference transcriptome, and de novo assembly of transcript sequences (Conesa et al. 2016).

        For RNA-seq QC analysis, QualiMap can be used to assess alignments produced by the first of these approaches. For input, it requires a GTF annotation file along with a reference genome, which can be used to reconstruct the exon structure of known transcripts. This allows mapped reads to be grouped by whether they originate in an exonic region (for QualiMap, this may include 5′ and 3′ UTR regions as well as protein-coding exons), an intron, or an intergenic region (see the Qualimap 2 documentation).

        The inferred genomic origins of RNA-seq reads are presented here as a bar graph showing either the number or percentage of mapped reads in each read dataset that have been assigned to each type of genomic region. This graph can be used to assess the proportion of useful reads in an RNA-seq experiment. That proportion can be reduced by the presence of intron sequences, especially if depletion of ribosomal RNA was used during sample preparation (Sims et al. 2014). It can also be reduced by off-target transcripts, which are detected in greater numbers at the sequencing depths needed to detect poorly-expressed transcripts (Tarazona et al. 2011).

        Created with MultiQC

        Gene Coverage Profile

        Mean distribution of coverage depth across the length of all mapped transcripts.

        There are currently three main approaches to map reads to transcripts in an RNA-seq experiment: mapping reads to a reference genome to identify expressed transcripts that are annotated (and discover those that are unknown), mapping reads to a reference transcriptome, and de novo assembly of transcript sequences (Conesa et al. 2016).

        For RNA-seq QC analysis, QualiMap can be used to assess alignments produced by the first of these approaches. For input, it requires a GTF annotation file along with a reference genome, which can be used to reconstruct the exon structure of known transcripts. QualiMap uses this information to calculate the depth of coverage along the length of each annotated transcript. For a set of reads mapped to a transcript, the depth of coverage at a given base position is the number of high-quality reads that map to the transcript at that position (Sims et al. 2014).

        QualiMap calculates coverage depth at every base position of each annotated transcript. To enable meaningful comparison between transcripts, base positions are rescaled to relative positions expressed as percentage distance along each transcript (0%, 1%, …, 99%). For the set of transcripts with at least one mapped read, QualiMap plots the cumulative mapped-read depth (y-axis) at each relative transcript position (x-axis). This plot shows the gene coverage profile across all mapped transcripts for each read dataset. It provides a visual way to assess positional biases, such as an accumulation of mapped reads at the 3′ end of transcripts, which may indicate poor RNA quality in the original sample (Conesa et al. 2016).

        The Normalised plot is calculated by MultiQC to enable comparison of samples with varying sequencing depth. The cumulative mapped-read depth at each position across the averaged transcript position are divided by the total for that sample across the entire averaged transcript.

        Created with MultiQC

        RSeQC

        Evaluates high throughput RNA-seq data.http://rseqc.sourceforge.netDOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts356

        Read Distribution

        Read Distribution calculates how mapped reads are distributed over genome features.

        Created with MultiQC

        Read Duplication

        read_duplication.py calculates how many alignment positions have a certain number of exact duplicates. Note - plot truncated at 500 occurrences and binned.

        Created with MultiQC

        Junction Annotation

        Junction annotation compares detected splice junctions to a reference gene model. An RNA read can be spliced 2 or more times, each time is called a splicing event.

        Created with MultiQC

        Junction Saturation

        Junction Saturation counts the number of known splicing junctions that are observed in each dataset. If sequencing depth is sufficient, all (annotated) splice junctions should be rediscovered, resulting in a curve that reaches a plateau. Missing low abundance splice junctions can affect downstream analysis.

        Created with MultiQC

        Infer experiment

        Infer experiment counts the percentage of reads and read pairs that match the strandedness of overlapping transcripts. It can be used to infer whether RNA-seq library preps are stranded (sense or antisense).

        Created with MultiQC

        Bam Stat

        All numbers reported in millions.

        Created with MultiQC

        Samtools

        Toolkit for interacting with BAM/CRAM files.http://www.htslib.orgDOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352

        Percent mapped

        Alignment metrics from samtools stats; mapped vs. unmapped reads vs. reads mapped with MQ0.

        For a set of samples that have come from the same multiplexed library, similar numbers of reads for each sample are expected. Large differences in numbers might indicate issues during the library preparation process. Whilst large differences in read numbers may be controlled for in downstream processings (e.g. read count normalisation), you may wish to consider whether the read depths achieved have fallen below recommended levels depending on the applications.

        Low alignment rates could indicate contamination of samples (e.g. adapter sequences), low sequencing quality or other artefacts. These can be further investigated in the sequence level QC (e.g. from FastQC).

        Reads mapped with MQ0 often indicate that the reads are ambiguously mapped to multiple locations in the reference sequence. This can be due to repetitive regions in the genome, the presence of alternative contigs in the reference, or due to reads that are too short to be uniquely mapped. These reads are often filtered out in downstream analyses.

        Created with MultiQC

        Alignment stats

        This module parses the output from samtools stats. All numbers in millions.

        Created with MultiQC

        Flagstat

        This module parses the output from samtools flagstat

        Created with MultiQC

        Flagstat: Percentage of total

        This module parses the output from samtools flagstat

        Created with MultiQC

        Mapped reads per contig

        The samtools idxstats tool counts the number of mapped reads per chromosome / contig. Chromosomes with < 0.1% of the total aligned reads are omitted from this plot.

        Created with MultiQC

        Sample relationships

        Plots interrogating sample relationships, based on final count matrices.

        STAR_SALMON DESeq2 sample similarity

        is generated from clustering by Euclidean distances between DESeq2 rlog values for each sample in the deseq2_qc.r script.

        Created with MultiQC

        STAR_SALMON DESeq2 PCA plot

        PCA plot between samples in the experiment. These values are calculated using DESeq2 in the deseq2_qc.r script.

        Created with MultiQC

        Software Versions

        Software Versions lists versions of software tools extracted from file contents.

        GroupSoftwareVersion
        CUSTOM_GETCHROMSIZESgetchromsizes1.21
        CUSTOM_TX2GENEpython3.10.4
        DESEQ2_QC_STAR_SALMONbioconductor-deseq21.46.0
        r-base4.4.2
        DupRadarbioconductor-dupradar1.32.0
        GTF2BEDperl5.26.2
        GTF_FILTERpython3.9.5
        MAKE_TRANSCRIPTS_FASTArsem1.3.1
        star2.7.10a
        PICARD_MARKDUPLICATESpicard3.1.1
        PRESEQ_LCEXTRAPpreseq3.2.0
        QUALIMAP_RNASEQqualimap2.3
        RSEQC_BAMSTATrseqc5.0.2
        RSEQC_INFEREXPERIMENTrseqc5.0.2
        RSEQC_INNERDISTANCErseqc5.0.2
        RSEQC_JUNCTIONANNOTATIONrseqc5.0.2
        RSEQC_JUNCTIONSATURATIONrseqc5.0.2
        RSEQC_READDISTRIBUTIONrseqc5.0.2
        RSEQC_READDUPLICATIONrseqc5.0.2
        SALMON_QUANTsalmon1.10.3
        SAMTOOLS_FLAGSTATsamtools1.21
        SAMTOOLS_IDXSTATSsamtools1.21
        SAMTOOLS_INDEXsamtools1.21
        SAMTOOLS_SORT_QUALIMAPsamtools1.21
        SAMTOOLS_STATSsamtools1.21
        SE_GENE_UNIFIEDbioconductor-summarizedexperiment1.32.0
        SE_TRANSCRIPT_UNIFIEDbioconductor-summarizedexperiment1.32.0
        SORTMERNA_INDEXsortmerna4.3.7
        TXIMETA_TXIMPORTbioconductor-tximeta1.20.1
        WorkflowNextflow25.04.7
        nf-core/rnaseqv3.22.2-g3816d48

        nf-core/rnaseq Methods Description

        Suggested text and references to use when describing pipeline usage within the methods section of a publication.https://github.com/nf-core/rnaseq

        Methods

        Data was processed using nf-core/rnaseq v3.22.2 (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1400710) of the nf-core collection of workflows (Ewels et al., 2020), utilising reproducible software environments from the Bioconda (Grüning et al., 2018) and Biocontainers (da Veiga Leprevost et al., 2017) projects.

        The pipeline was executed with Nextflow v25.04.7 (Di Tommaso et al., 2017) with the following command:

        nextflow run nf-core/rnaseq -r 3.22.2 -c ../rnaseq.config -params-file ../params_rnaseq.json -resume -profile crg_slurm

        References

        • Di Tommaso, P., Chatzou, M., Floden, E. W., Barja, P. P., Palumbo, E., & Notredame, C. (2017). Nextflow enables reproducible computational workflows. Nature Biotechnology, 35(4), 316-319. doi: 10.1038/nbt.3820
        • Ewels, P. A., Peltzer, A., Fillinger, S., Patel, H., Alneberg, J., Wilm, A., Garcia, M. U., Di Tommaso, P., & Nahnsen, S. (2020). The nf-core framework for community-curated bioinformatics pipelines. Nature Biotechnology, 38(3), 276-278. doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0439-x
        • Grüning, B., Dale, R., Sjödin, A., Chapman, B. A., Rowe, J., Tomkins-Tinch, C. H., Valieris, R., Köster, J., & Bioconda Team. (2018). Bioconda: sustainable and comprehensive software distribution for the life sciences. Nature Methods, 15(7), 475–476. doi: 10.1038/s41592-018-0046-7
        • da Veiga Leprevost, F., Grüning, B. A., Alves Aflitos, S., Röst, H. L., Uszkoreit, J., Barsnes, H., Vaudel, M., Moreno, P., Gatto, L., Weber, J., Bai, M., Jimenez, R. C., Sachsenberg, T., Pfeuffer, J., Vera Alvarez, R., Griss, J., Nesvizhskii, A. I., & Perez-Riverol, Y. (2017). BioContainers: an open-source and community-driven framework for software standardization. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 33(16), 2580–2582. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx192
        Notes:
        • The command above does not include parameters contained in any configs or profiles that may have been used. Ensure the config file is also uploaded with your publication!
        • You should also cite all software used within this run. Check the "Software Versions" of this report to get version information.

        nf-core/rnaseq Workflow Summary

        Input/output options

        input
        ../samplesheet_HepG2.csv
        multiqc_title
        PTox-Production-phase2-HepG2-include-dups
        outdir
        ./rnaseq_output

        Reference genome options

        fasta
        ../../refs/HepG2/genome.fa
        gtf
        ../../refs/HepG2/genome_annotation.gtf
        gtf_extra_attributes
        gene
        star_index
        ../../rnaseq_run-HepG2/rnaseq_output/genome/index/star

        Read trimming options

        extra_fastp_args
        --length_required=20 --trim_poly_g --poly_g_min_len=20 --trim_poly_x --poly_x_min_len=15 --adapter_sequence=AGATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCAC --dont_eval_duplication --cut_tail
        trimmer
        fastp

        Read filtering options

        remove_ribo_rna
        true

        UMI options

        umi_discard_read
        0

        Alignment options

        extra_salmon_quant_args
        --noLengthCorrection
        extra_star_align_args
        --alignIntronMax 1000000 --alignIntronMin 20 --alignMatesGapMax 1000000 --alignSJoverhangMin 8 --outFilterMismatchNmax 999 --outFilterMultimapNmax 20 --outFilterType BySJout --outFilterMismatchNoverLmax 0.1 --clip3pAdapterSeq AAAAAAAA
        stranded_threshold
        0.7

        Process skipping options

        skip_alignment
        true
        skip_bigwig
        true
        skip_biotype_qc
        true
        skip_preseq
        false
        skip_pseudo_alignment
        true
        skip_stringtie
        true

        Generic options

        monochrome_logs
        true
        trace_report_suffix
        2026-04-01_10-23-06

        Core Nextflow options

        configFiles
        /users/rg/vntasis/.nextflow/assets/nf-core/rnaseq/nextflow.config, /users/project/precisiontox_008279_no_backup/production_phase2_data_dec2025/analyse_duplicated_data/rnaseq_run-HepG2/../rnaseq.config
        containerEngine
        apptainer
        launchDir
        /users/project/precisiontox_008279_no_backup/production_phase2_data_dec2025/analyse_duplicated_data/rnaseq_run-HepG2
        profile
        crg_slurm
        projectDir
        /users/rg/vntasis/.nextflow/assets/nf-core/rnaseq
        revision
        3.22.2
        runName
        disturbed_kimura
        userName
        vntasis
        workDir
        /users/project/precisiontox_008279_no_backup/production_phase2_data_dec2025/analyse_duplicated_data/rnaseq_run-HepG2/work